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Elliot Aronson
Elliot Aronson (born January 9, 1932) is an American psychologist. He is listed among the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th Century and is best known for the invention of the Jigsaw Classroom as a method of reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice. He is also known for his research on cognitive dissonance and his influential social psychology textbooks.〔 In his (1972) text, ''The Social Animal,'' (now in its 11th edition), he stated Aronson's First Law: "People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy," thus asserting the importance of situational factors in bizarre behavior. He is the only person in the 120-year history of the American Psychological Association to have won all three of its major awards: for writing, for teaching, and for research. In 2007 he received the William James Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Association for Psychological Science, In which he was cited as the scientist who "fundamentally changed the way we look at everyday life.” 〔(William James Fellow Award - Elliot Aronson ) (Association for Psychological Science) Accessed 2009-07-19〕 A ''Review of General Psychology'' survey, published in 2002, ranked Aronson as the 78th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. He officially retired in 1994 but continues to teach and write.
==Early life and education==
Aronson grew up in extreme poverty in Revere, Massachusetts, during the Great Depression. His was the only Jewish family in the neighbourhood, and it was not rare for Aronson to be bullied on the way home from Hebrew school by anti-Semitic gangs.〔http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/tmp/6760359125482435581.pdf〕 He believes that every life's progress is based on a combination of luck, opportunity, talent, and intuition.〔Chibnall, John T., ("Elliot Aronson and the life of becoming." ), ''American Psychological Association'', date〕 Although his high school grades were mediocre, his SAT scores were high enough to earn him a work-study scholarship at Brandeis University.〔
Influenced by his father, he began his college career majoring in economics. However, he promptly changed his major to psychology after accidentally wandering into an Introductory Psychology lecture taught by Abraham Maslow.〔American Psychologist (November 1999), 54 (11), pg. 873-875〕 After attending this lecture, he realized that there was an entire science devoted to exploring the kinds of questions that had intrigued him as a child.〔 His undergraduate years at Brandeis brought him closer to a number of respected psychologists, but Maslow was his primary mentor and had the biggest impact on his early academic career.〔
Aronson earned his Bachelor's degree from Brandeis in 1954. He went on to earn a Master's degree from Wesleyan University in 1956, where he worked with David McClelland, and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1959, where his doctoral advisor and mentor was the experimental social psychologist Leon Festinger.〔Aronson, E. (2010). ''Not by chance alone: My life as a social psychologist.'' New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01833-8〕〔
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